What does the term 'affective filter' refer to in the context of language acquisition?

The term 'affective filter' refers to the metaphorical concept that describes how emotional factors can influence language acquisition. When learners are anxious, frustrated, or lack motivation, their affective filter is high, which can hinder the uptake of new language input. Conversely, when learners are in a positive emotional state—feeling relaxed and confident—their affective filter is low, allowing for better absorption of new language skills and concepts.

This idea emphasizes the importance of creating a supportive and encouraging classroom environment, where students feel safe to take risks and make mistakes without fear of negative evaluation. By addressing the emotional and psychological aspects of learning, educators can help lower the affective filter and promote more effective language learning.

Other concepts mentioned, such as a physical barrier to learning, a method for scaffolding instruction, or an assessment tool, do not capture the essence of how emotions and attitudes impact the learning process, which is central to the understanding of the affective filter.