Which of the following may be common barriers for new English language learners?

For new English language learners, getting used to letters and words instead of conceptual symbols can indeed be a significant barrier. This reflects the transition from a system of language that may utilize non-alphabetic symbols, such as logograms or pictographs, to one that is alphabetic. This shift emphasizes phonics, letter recognition, and the association of sounds with written symbols, which can be challenging for students unfamiliar with this system.

Adapting to these conventions involves intensive practice to develop reading and writing skills in a phonetic system, impacting their overall language acquisition process. It can also affect their confidence and motivation as they may struggle with basic literacy before they can engage in more complex language tasks.

In contrast, understanding concepts in various subjects, participating in group discussions, and knowing how to write essays, while still challenging, often rely on varying levels of proficiency and experience in language use rather than a fundamental transition in understanding writing systems. These barriers can often be addressed through support and practice, but the initial hurdle of grasping a new writing system can be particularly daunting for learners transitioning to English.